资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。
2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
复星医药CEO:阿兹夫定已覆盖全国主要医疗机构,全力保供满足需求****** “我们希望让每一个需要的患者都能用得到阿兹夫定,现在复星医药正在工信部的统一协调部署下,全力以赴保障生产和供应。” 1月11日,上海市人大代表、上海复星医药(集团)股份有限公司CEO文德镛在上海两会现场接受澎湃新闻记者独家采访时介绍,目前新冠抗病毒药物阿兹夫定片(以下简称:阿兹夫定)已在全国31个省、自治区、直辖市完成医保挂网,挂网价格为270元/瓶(每瓶35片,每片1mg),已覆盖全国各地主要医疗机构,包括二级以上医院和基层医疗卫生机构等。同时,阿兹夫定已开通互联网医院问诊处方平台渠道,方便百姓就医用药。 “之所以确定阿兹夫定270元的单价,是考虑到两个原则:便民性和可负担性,包括国家医保的可负担性。”文德镛表示。 调整内部产能,阿兹夫定保供成“一号任务” 公开资料显示,阿兹夫定由复星医药与河南真实生物战略合作开发,是中国首个拥有完全自主知识产权治疗新冠病毒感染的小分子口服药,于2022年7月25日获国家药监局附条件批准。2022年8月9日,国家卫生健康委办公厅、国家中医药局办公室将阿兹夫定片纳入《新型冠状病毒肺炎诊疗方案(第九版)》,今年1月6日阿兹夫定再次被纳入第十版《新型冠状病毒感染诊疗方案》。参保患者使用该药时医保基金可按规定予以支付。 文德镛表示,在工信部的统一领导和指挥下,复星医药参与阿兹夫定的供应端原料、包材、辅料、生产场地等生产全过程,协调集团内部产能,同时也联合央企华润集团和真实生物,与河南当地的生产企业共同保证整体产能供应。 面对春节可能迎来的用药高峰,如何保障阿兹夫定供应? 文德镛告诉澎湃新闻记者,目前阿兹夫定保供已成为集团内部“一号任务”,包括生产负责人、质量人员、供应链人员等均被抽调到一线,确保阿兹夫定的产品供应能在第一时间满足需求。 除此之外,保障用药安全也是复星医药的首要目标。文德镛介绍,作为国内首个治疗新冠病毒感染的小分子口服药,阿兹夫定已经在菲律宾等国家开展暴露后预防新冠感染临床试验,在全国各地也开展了多个上市后的真实数据研究。阿兹夫定的多个国内外临床研究结果也证明了其抗新冠病毒的疗效和安全性。 他向记者透露,2019年复星医药高层曾经开过一个董事会,讨论在疫情发生后,集团有哪些能够做的事情。“我们想到的第一件事,就是充分利用复星的国际化能力和优势把全球的防疫物资协调到中国来,确保中国抗疫物资供应充足。当时我们就想到了布局疫苗,小分子和大分子药物。” 此前1月8日晚,国家医保局发布消息,国家医疗保障局医药管理司负责人介绍,“今年,共有阿兹夫定片、奈玛特韦片/利托那韦片组合包装、清肺排毒颗粒3种新冠治疗药品通过企业自主申报、形式审查、专家评审等程序,参与谈判。其中,阿兹夫定片、清肺排毒颗粒谈判成功,Paxlovid因生产企业辉瑞投资有限公司报价高未能成功。” 据澎湃新闻此前报道。1月3日,阿兹夫定供应终端已覆盖上海二、三级医院115家,已准入社区医院113家。该小分子药物的可及性进一步提升,患者将可就近在社区经医生问诊、评估后开具相应处方。 建议养老机构加快储备新冠药物,鼓励领军药企共建临床研究中心 今年上海两会,针对医疗领域痛点、难点,文德镛带来两份建议。 其一是关于为本市老年人群体储备新冠抗病毒药物的建议。文德镛表示,防疫政策全面调整后,对老年人的保护成为新的防控重心。随着老年人感染新冠的几率大幅上升,特别是在养老院等老年人集中的场所,如果不及时阻断病毒的传染,极易造成集体性感染和二次感染,大大增加老年人的重症率和死亡风险。 他建议,政府向养老机构、社区卫生服务中心、工作单位(例如环卫公司、保安公司等)所在街道卫生院加快储备新冠抗病毒药物,确保老年人在感染后能够第一时间用药,及时阻断病毒在体内复制,避免重症发生。 其二是关于鼓励领军药企共建临床研究中心的建议。文德镛认为,建设具有国际领先水平的临床研究中心是一个长期且具有挑战的系统工程,仅仅依靠国家的拨款和医院的独立运营难以保障高水平的成果产出,建议政府鼓励社会力量参与共建,特别是具备综合实力的医药领军企业。 “领军企业具备强大的造血功能和资金运作能力,一些企业还拥有自己的基金会,能够在研发投入方面持续注入;其次领军企业具备强大的人才体系,一些企业拥有自己的控股、参股医院,不乏学术带头人、专家等顶级科研人才,便于人才资源共享、优势互补,开展具有世界领先水平的临床研究,真正做到以市场为导向的创新成果转化。”文德镛表示。 (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() ![]() 吉好彩票地图 |